City Of 3t: Buharkent (Histroy, Agriculture and Thermal Tourism)

Naim OZDAMAR

Evidences found around Buharkent indicate that the first settlements here date back to the 1st Bronze Age. Human figures carrying sun cult have been found from the remains on the lime layer around Kabaagac. Yhe Hittites were the first to dominate as in all Central, South East and Western Anatolia, the Aegean, Greater Menderes Valley and Buharkent. Hittite domination started in the 1800s BC and lasted until the last period of the last Hittite King Tutalya V until 1180 BC.

Although Buharkent was not a settlement during this period, it was not a deserted area. Lydia, Phrygia and Kaira states were located on the area where the borders overlap was of strategic importance.

The ancient cities of Tripolis, Hierapolis and Laodikia also frequently changed hands between these three states which are located in the immediate east of Buharkent. The southern borders of the Phrygian Kingdom were reached to Buharkent. The Persians established sovereignty around Aydin and Buharkent in a short period of 180 years and signed a long history. Region remained under the rule of Persians until 300s BC.

Roman ruinsare located in Bukharkent, Kabaagac, Tekke and Ortakci. Today there are dozens of Roman columns in the Kabaagac cemetery.

Strabon gives some details for Kabaagac: There is the respected temple of Men Karus between Laodikei and Karura. A great Herophileion medical school was established by Zeuksis and it was maintained by Alexandros Philetles; just like the Erasistrateion school founded by Hikesios at the time of our ancedetens. However, now the situation is not exactly as before“

Above mentioned, Strabon states that Kabaagacregion has experienced its most brilliant period just before and after Christ, and that it has a medical center as well as a religious center that can be compared with the most important medical schools of the period.

In BC 26, there was an earthquake in the settlement which is very close to Buyuk Menderes. and there is a lot of loss of life as a result of the overflow of Buyuk Menderes.

Strabonmentiones as follows: “Karura forms a border between Phrygia and Caria. This is a village. There are inns and hot springs along the banks of the Maiandros River. It is said that a brothel administrator once settled in the inn with a large number of women and disappeared with all his women during the night earthquake. ”

We cannot find any Turkish settlements in Buharkent and its vicinity until the 1077 -1207years. In this period, when the region started to be definite Turkization, we see Sircalik (Tekke), Kargilik, Kabaagac and Ishakli as the first accommodation places. The area where Buharkent is located is at the narrowest part of the Menderes valley. In addition, the presence of flood danger in at least five places (Kizildere, Millik, Caglayan, Ortakci, Millik, Feslek Streamlet) from Feslek Streamlet to Kizildere, the presence of a marsh environment around Menderes, not being suitable for cultivation, the production of mosquitoes in the existing swamps negatively affected the settlement. Among these four settlements, Kargilik, Sırcalik and Kabaagac were established on the slopes of Cubuk Mountain on the south of the plain and as for Ishakli on the foothills of Aydin Mountains to the north.

ANCIENT CITIES IN THE CENTER OF BUHARKENT

Buharkent is located in the middle of the ancient cities, each of which is administratively located within the borders of the neighboring districts. Hileria and Karura were much smaller than the city and looked like a town and village. Men Kauno is not a settlement but a temple. The answer to the question “Why doesn't there an ancient city in the immediate vicinity of Buharkent?” can be explained by its geographical location and geothermal properties.

As Strabon writes, Menderes, which is the equivalent of the verb -curl, first gains this feature around Buharkent at the entrance of Aydin borders. Saraykoy and the east of Buyuk Menderes Buharkent becomes stagnant and changes lakebeds in the years when the flow rate increases rapidly which exhibits much less curl, gains its classic character.

The presence of natural geothermal outlets in the vicinity of this region has made it a thermal recreation area in the early ages. When the ancient land transportation routes are examined, Buharkent, Brioula, Menderes Antioch, Aphrodisias, Artemisias, Hierapolis, Tripolis, Trapezapolis and Attuda are located in the center of the circle of ancient cities. Buharkent played a central role in the transportation of these ancient cities, which were founded on different dates and whose brightest periods coincided with different periods.

This period (1243–1262) was the period when the Turkmen invasions were most intense to the BuyukMenderes Valley. During this period, many settlements in Buldan, Alasehir, Nazilli region were established. The establishment of Kuyucak and Ishakli was also in this period.

Buharkent which is defined as the Phrygian frontier, and these Christian Kuman Turks settled to the east continued to exist in Buharkent until 1922. Even though their numbers fell to several families in the 1922s under the pressure of Turkish-Islamic culture, they were able to protect their religion and culture under the patronage of Seljuks and Ottomans for 700 years as Orthodox Christians. The gravestones and cemeteries of the Turkish language and the Greek alphabet, which have been recovered until recently, show that this community was a larger community in the past.

The Seljuk period is the period in which the newly settled Turkish elements around the Buharkent, the Christian natives and the Christian Turkish noble elements settled in this region, which is borderline from Thrace, lived together. Previously, the population of the Christian population was more. Over time, some of the Christian elements who accepted Islam left the region and settled further west. XV. and XVI. Century records show that there is no Christian population in and around Buharkent. In the meantime, it is unclear whether the village of Irmenni, an Armenian settlement, has been erased from history, whether it is a natural disaster, migration or turning into a Turkish element. The rumors that the people of Irmenni later settled in Ishakli and changed their religion do not match the facts.

It turns out that the start of the Turkish settlement in Kabaagac did not disturb the local Christian people. About 1km west of Kabaagac, the Christian settlement center and the Greek settlements around the Byzantine caravanserai survived until the 1899 earthquake; the name of this settlement was called“Invidel houses”…

The Tahrir records show us that the Kayi tribe is densely settled around Denizli, Saraykoy, Buldan, Esme, Sarigol, Alasehir, Babadag, Buharkent, Kuyucak and Nazilli.

Kayi settlements almost completed in this area starting from the east of Buyuk Menderes Valley Buldan,Denizli, Saraykoy in XII. century. However, XVIII. and XIX. As a result from Manisa and the southern Kutahya region – as resulf ofobligatory settlements, the Sarıtekeli tribe, which is also a member of the Kayi tribe, is settled in the highlands of the Aydin Mountains, located in the south of Buldan, Sarıgol and Alasehir and north of Buharkent. With the resettlement of the XIX century, this region was adapted a sedentary life.

Today, Catak, Kovanoluk, Tasoluk of Kuyucak, Musakolugu of Budan, Ericek and Gundogan of Buharkent, Catak of Buldan, Aktas villages were formed as a result of the obligatory settlements mentioned above.

Ortakci and Ishakli, founded by Yoruk / Turkmen, also belonging to the Kay tribe and Karakecili tribe, are settlements of the Seljuk period. The Ortakci began to take shape slowly after 1207/1210; Karakecililer who continued their seasonal migration between Saricaova and BuyukMenderes for a long time, started to move to settled life and land agriculture with the opportunities provided by the Principality / State in XIII. century.

Ortakci Karakecililer preferred to settle not because of the compulsory resettlement but as a result of the positive reflections of the economic conditions in the village established on the side of a fertile plain. The villages of Yaylak, Coban, Mesken, Kizilcaburun and Pir Hoca were settled in Aydin Mountains in XVI and XVII centuries. It is certain that the state played a role in the establishment and settlement of so many settlements in a narrow area in the same century. And this shows that the area was quite secluded before the settlements. However, the lives of these villages and the town of Pir Hoca were short due to earthquakes.

The third major migration to Buharkent and its environs began in the 1700s. It was concluded during the reign of Abdulhamid. This migration came from South Kutahya and Manisa. Sariteke people were going to Saruhan and Aydın during the winter season and in the spring they were going to from here to the villages of the Karahisar Sanjak Sandiklidistrict. Complaints about their pastures and cultivated areas increased due to the great damage they caused. While they were forbidden to leave their territories with the order of the sultan during their nomadic life, they came to Sandikli Usak Esme Alasehir and Suhud districts’s villages and caused various damages to the people and pastures. Therewith, Sultan gave an order to Nasuh Pasha to remove them from the region and transfer them to their old neighborhoods. Saritekeli members of the Kayi tribe who livein the Manisa and Kutahya regions were forced to settle and they were placed in empty spaces in the mountains to the north of Denizli, Sarigol, Alasehir, Buldan and Buharkent.

In a decision of the state in 1842, it is requested that the tribal tribes do not go beyond the district borders. In the provisions sent to the provinces in 1861. It is ordered to settle tribal tribes in anywhere.

In this century, intensive settlements started from Manisa region to north of Buharkent and Aydin mountains. These settlements lasted until the end of the XIX. century.

Karakecili Plain was considered to be one of the settlement areas in 103 villages. It is also noteworthy that one of the settlements was regarded as Nazilli, and that Ortakci was included in the Nazilli records as a village affiliated to Nazilli at the time (1530). This record coincides with the record in the 1510 Denizli provincial book, complementing each other as historical reality. The mentioned historical documents reveal that the people of Ortakci and Ishakli come from the Kayi / Karakecili tribe.

There are between five and ten Yoruk tribesaround Aydin and Buharkent. However, although the Saritekeli congregation was not found in the registers, the Saritekeli tribe was mentioned in the recent Aydin Province annual. For example like “Saritekeli in Circivan “. Especially along Buyuk Menderes valley, on the northern side, a dense population of Sarıtekeli is settled. On the other hand, Sarıtekeliler who settled in the northern direction of the Mentese mountainous region were mostly located in Karacasu, Buharkent and Saraykoy in Middle Menderes. Yoruks who settled in Aydin and many villages have difficulty in expressing which tribes they come from. As an exception, those who identify themselves as Sarıtekeli in the regions mentioned are more than others. People from many villages in the west and north-west of Buldan, Muratdagi, Ericek, Gundogan, some villages of Kuyucak, Nazilli and Sultanhisar are located in the north and northwest of Buharkent expressed themselves as Saritekeli.

Recently, one of the most important events for Buharkent was the Canakkale War and many soldiers who fell martyrs were fought in this war. However, the records do not fully have the number of martyrs. When we look at the list of those whose names have been identified in Canakkale martyrs, it is seen thatOrtakci village with 15 martyrsgives the highest number. Although Burhaniye was established, we see that it is still recorded as Ortakci. Ortakci is still the most populous settlement despite the earthquake and the number of deaths it gave in the earthquake. Of course, Ortakci has two places as Ortakci and Burhaniye. Feslek gave 11 martyrs, Savcili 5 and Kizildere 2 martyrs.

The second settlement which had lots of martyrs, Feslek, was the largest settlement after the Ortakci in terms of population, although Gundogan had not yet left Feslek despite the beginning of the settlement.

Kizildere has become a new village. However, we see that Kizildere is registered as a village and population and military records are being kept.

The centuries-old tradition of efficacy in the Aegean and Aydin was also dominant in Buharkent. In the XIX. century, the institution of Efelik (zeibek) entered the daily life of Buharkent which became a social reality after the Atcali Kel Mehmet incident. Efelik also contributed in the history of Buharkentespecially from the 1890s to the end of the War of Independence.

When Buharkent efe is mentioned, the following names come to mind: Kavas Mehmet Efe (Mehmet KAVAS), Kara Ali Efe (Ali AKINCI), Gokoglan Efe (Suleyman Gok), Catak Mehmet Efe (Mehmet Catak), Kara Mehmet Efe (Mehmet Zeybek), Terlik Efe, Ince Mehmet Efe, Hacibes Efe (Mehmet Beser), Burhaniye Kara Mustafa Efe, Gok Abdullah Efe, Parmaksiz Mustafa Efe (Fingerless), Akoglan Tahir Efe (Akoglan), Kavas Ali Riza Efe (Kavas), Kara Mustafa, Kara Hasanoglu Efe, Halil Ibrahim Efe from Cubukdag, Kel Osman Efe from Burhaniye, Kara Kazim Efe from Cubukdag, Orhan Ahmet Efe from Burhaniye, Kara Ahmet Efe from Burhaniye, Ali Efe from Burhaniye, Mustafa Efe from Cavusoglu (Cavusoglu).

Greek occupation forces were divided into two; artillery and cavalry were moving through land, while artillery units were brought by train. As the Greeks who occupied Kuyucak, they set up police stations behind them and secured the areas they occupied from their perspective. The first outposts were established in Fethiye (Pamukoren) and Horsunlu. A crowded occupation unit was placed at the Horsunlu train station. Later, Gencelli was occupied by troops traveling by road. A platoon was left to control the Feslek Streamlet. Feslek Streamlet, a goup of the Greek occupation forces passing from the north near the mountain region was created a temporary outpost in the region of Mersinli. The other group that occupied the Ortakci. The great unity of the occupation passed through the Feslek River over the railway line, first reaching Meryemoglu and then OrtakciTrain Station and united with the troops that arrived by rail. This unit reached Burhaniye and the train station via the old Aydin road.

Buharkent, which had been under Greek occupation for about two years, Efes openedfire in several places before the dawn of19th of August in 1922 in Burhaniye. The raid movement brought excitement to the people of the village. The men and women of the village attacked the Greeks in the village. At the end of the bloody struggles, Efes and villagers dominated the village. Colak Ibrahim Bey and Efes on September the 3rd in the morning around 9:00 am entered to Burhaniye passing through different points Menderes. When the first group of Greek occupation forces withdrew in the direction of Catak-Buldan, theirstarted fires in Burhaniye. When most of Greek follow forces saw some of the cavalry approaching, some of them entered street fighting, and a group of Greek soldiers quickly retreated to Catak. It was not difficult for the Efes who are very good at all kinds of battle to defeat the Greek troops, which consisted of the remaining 200 soldiers. Hulusi Alpan took part in these wars with his platoon. The war has started with the rest. However, almost all of them were taken prisoner.

It was quite normal for the government to give priority to the most important means of transport, the train and the railways, which were the main means of transportation. The maintenance of railways and trains has been made, and it has become accessible.

After the establishment of the new republic, local elections were held and the headman elections were completed. Starting from 1923, Collector Omer's son Mehmet Ciftci was appointed as a headman.

Headmen of Burhaniye Village

1923-1927: Collector Omer's son Mehmet Ciftci

1927-1930: Collector of Omer’s Son Mehmet Ciftci

1930–1934: Mehmet Aksay

1934-1938: Mehmet Aksay

1941–1947: Huseyin Cetin

1947–1950 Hafiz Kerim Ersoz

1950–1954.Esat Ozdemir

In the first administrative arrangement, the region including Buharkent and Kuyucak was determined as Horsunlu Sub-district. Although the population in Kuyucak and Burhaniye is more crowded Horsunlu, the reason why Horsunlu was chosen as a district center should be the idea of contributing to the development of this settlement which was established in the early 1880s. A conspicuous arrangement is that Catak, which is now connected to Buldan, was connected to Horsunlu at that time. Moreover, Murat Dagı Village was administrative unitfor he first time. Gireniz and Fethiye did not unite; they were two separate villages. Horsunlu Sub-district consisted of 26 villages and 3 neighborhoods.

Buharkent and the surrounding districtshave been village in the town of Nazilli until February 13, 1942. As of this date, it has been connected to Saraykoy District.

President Ismet Inonu and Prime Minister Refik Saydam was assigned to Saraykoy together with the justification for the administrative changes made by the Minister of Interior Fayik Oztrak tripartite decree On 13 February 1942.

AGRICULTURE IN BUHARKENT

Buharkent agriculture had polyculture characteristics as in the past. Figs, grapes, cotton, licorice, acorn, all kinds of vegetables and fruits were grown in Buharkent. The town of Ortakci, which is the center of the accident, is the locomotive of fig production. In Hijri 1260/1261; Gregorian1901,154 families from 190 which are in the book of Ortakci Estate Notebook produced fig. The total area of fig production is 682 acres, which corresponds to an area of 2,720 square meters in Ottoman area, which corresponds to 1855 decares. The same year Savcilli follows Ortakci in terms of fig production. 33 of the 38 families living inSavcillipay tithe tax due to plant production. Five families do not pay any fees. Fig is the kind of plant production made in the widest sensein Savcilli. 21 of 38 families who settle in Savcilli are engaged in fig cultivation Savcilli village paid tithe tax is 3820 Gurus in total and 2860 Gurus of ittithefort the figs. The share of figs is approximately 74 percent.

Buharkent and its environs had important grape fields in the Ottoman period. Buharkent, having favorable climatic conditions for viticulture, had an important share especially in table and dried grape cultivation. In addition, considerable amounts of raisins were produced. The most important factor in this was the fact that the irrigable agricultural areas were limited so that they could form bonds in the irrigable areas. The vineyards, along with figs and olives, also covered large areas.

In the region, in addition to seedless and razaki grape varieties, which were later planted in the late 19th century, traditional varieties known for centuries that had adapted to the climate of the region were grown. The most important of these were black gemre, pink gemre, dimrite, white dimrite, red grape, prolific, sultaniye and Catak purple.

In 1844/1845, the grape cultivation was also made in Ortakci.55 of the tax-payer families are engaged in grape cultivation.

Ortakci tithe tax for grape is 1176 Gurus in 1844. In 1845, it is noted that three producers more will pay 213 Gurus tithe tax fort he grapes.Paid tithe tax from fig production is 8727.8 for 1844, for 1845 it is 6632.8.The average annual fig income of the families engaged in fig cultivation is approximately 560 Gurus.

The year 1934 was a turning point for Buharkent agriculture. Nail Sincer and its partners prepare a contract for the establishment of an irrigation cooperative and submit it to the attorney of economy and await the approval of the council of ministers. The application is reacted positively and the establishment of the cooperative is approved by the decision of the Council of Ministers on 10.12 1934. The Decree of the Council of Ministers includes the signature of President Kemal Ataturk and Prime Minister Ismet Inonu and 11 ministers.

The most important step was taken for Burhaniye economy and construction of irrigation channel was started in 1947. Irrigated agricultural areas, which were only built on the banks of Buyuk Menderes and near the streams and streamlets during the appropriate seasons, would expand.

In 1951, the irrigated canal was irrigated with irrigated lands for the first time and the arcs were opened and irrigated agriculture started. Figs, grapes and olives, as well as the cultivation of all products in need of water was slowly starting.

One of the important turning points of Buharkent agriculture is the establishment of TARIS. Buharkent, Incir Cooperative Agriculture Sales Cooperative determined its founders on March 26, 1949, was established on May 4, 1949 as the cooperative no. Founding partners of the cooperative:

Chairman: Mehmet Incirci

Founding members: Mehmet Sargin, Mehmet Keskin, Mehmet Oztekin, Huseyin Cetin, Ibrahim Unlu, Mehmet Inceoglu, Ali Inceoglu, Emin Ozdemir, Hulusi Beser, Mehmet Aksay, Huseyin Gokcetin, Nazif Ciftci, Mustafa Baser, Ahmet Sarioglu, Ahmet Koyuncu, Muhlis Tokat, Huseyin Ciftci, Emin Ay, Yusuf Kul, Huseyin Basoglu and Halil Kervan.

Founding partners of Buharkent Cotton Agricultural Sales Cooperative: Chairman: Veli Bayar. Founding members: Habib Cetin, Ibrahim Davas, Mehmet Gunes, Huseyin Akcay, Kazim Koseoglu, Avni Suner, Ali Ozkabakci, M.Ali Dur, Mehmet Kasap, Yusuf Ulucay, Ali Inan, Tevfik Uygun, Mustafa Unlu, Mehmet Cetin, Mehmet Goker, Veli Ulken, Durmus Ozbagci.

When we look at the pattern of agricultural products of Buharkent between 1923 and 1950, XIX. century is not much different. The only change is the development in tomato agriculture.

Figs, grapes and olives, which needed less water, took largespaces. Cotton cultivation was carried out in Greater Menderes coastline with limited irrigation facilities. Cotton cultivation was more common in Karaman Buku, Egik Buku, Celemen and Kabaagac Plain.

The construction of the irrigation canal has been the most important event of the last century for the district. This canal and irrigation system, which triggered social change, radically overthrew the traditional traditions in agriculture and led to the introduction of new agricultural products into the district. New tools and equipment started to be used with irrigated agriculture and there was a rapid increase in the use of chemical fertilizers.

With the increase of moto pumps and tractors for irrigation purposes,the first gas station was built at the point where the southern end of Ataturk Street meets the State Highway in 1958, with the initiative of Burhaniye Municipality. This period is the period in which the production of vegetables and fruits increases exponentially. Fruit plantings such as citrus, plum and peach became widespread in this period.

Vegetable production has started in large areas in the agricultural lands to the south of Buharkent, Ortakci and Meyremoglu neighborhoods. The production of pepper, tomato, eggplant, cauliflower, cabbage and leek as winter meets the needs of Denizli center and accelerated the transfer of vegetables to the eastern cities. In those years, the widespread use of trucks decreased rail transport and increased interest in trucks. The most important factor in this is the fact that the trucks have the opportunity to enter the marketplace and the transportation by rail is needed for the second time and the transportation costs from the railway station to the marketplace are eliminated.

Today, fig and olive are the locomotives of Buharkent agriculture. Enterprises related to both products have started to be established. Today Buharkent is in the firstplace at cocktail olives and fresh figs in production and exports of Turkey. Aydin is leader in clover, egg, pea, grape and okra in total production.

THERMAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM IN BUHARKENT

Buharkent has been established on a geothermal area and has natural geothermal resources which helped to the development of thermal spa tourism.

Roman ruins around Buharkent are mostly gathered around thermal springs. It is thought that the columns in the Kabaagac cemetery were not moved from one place to another and that the first place was the cemetery. The Kabaagac cemetery is 500 meters away from the natural hot water source called the Mud Baths. And it took its water from this natural geothermal source.

In the Ortakci Bath Stream area, there are fragments of columns, bath ruins and Roman tombs which belongs to the Roman period. The Roman ruins found in this region were affected by many earthquakes in the region and remained under the ground and finally reached extinction of the 1899 earthquake.

Strabon says “In my day, a large Herophileion medical school was established by Zeuksis which was continued by Alexandros Philetles; just like the Erasistrateion school founded by Hikesios at the time of our fathers. However, now the situation is not exactly as before”.

Strabon states that Kabaagac region experienced its most brilliant period just before and after christ and it had a medical center that could be compared with the most important medical schools of its time.

One of the most important characteristics of Buharkent and its environs in the 1 XIX. century was the fact that it has hot springs and hot springs that serve the public health.

In the XIX. century and before, when the doctor and health services could not reach the cities, the only solution for scabies, rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica and many other diseases was hot springs, hot springs, baths and hot springs.

Buharkent and its surroundings were also very rich in this respect. Buharkent and its surroundings were also very rich in this respect.

In Hijri 1308 // Gregorian 1891 it was mentioned of particularly Ortakci spa, Kabaagac, Kizildere, Tekke and Uyuz Bath thermal springs which are located around Bukharkent in the Aydin Yearbook.

Ortakci Hot Spring

“There are two miyah-i mines in Nazilli district of Aydin.

(Ortakci Karyesi cihet-i mai mine)

This water composition, which is a two-hour drive from Ortakci Karyesi, which is one and a half and eight horses and eight hours bad with Nimilli, has a water composition (matchitical calcium) and (fevmidklis) and (fevmidsud) emlah and (55-60). degrees and the ones who continue in July and August (rasiye-i mezmene) and (alam-ı asiye) and (emrad-ı cildiye) are benefiting from those who are addicted… ”

The mentioned non-functional hot spring is located about one kilometer west of Ortakci Village. Although it is mentionedin the yearbook that it is two hours away from Ortakci, it is maximum 20 minutes away on foot. This shows that the writer of the yearbok does not know the region and transmits hearsay.

Kabaagac Hot Spring

“In the vicinity of the OrtakciHot Spring, the mai-i mineral compound (kibiryetitsud) and (kiryetitklis) and (fevmidsud), and even as serbesit (hamzkiryetit) gas (havahiyir) (maiyad mine), (arrogant). The water has a temperature of 50 degrees and is quite qualified for ımâm-ı asiye and (reşiye-i mazmane) and (emraz-ı hadliye) diseases. Like the other one, they continue this by bathing in July and in August. ”

Kabaagac Hot Spring is the natural hot water source which is called today's Mud Bath, which feeds a hot spring and seedling facility and is located a few hundred meters east of Kabaagac cemetery. In the Roman period, there was a Roman bath in the area where the water from this source and today's Kabaagac cemetery are located. The columns of this bath are still inside the cemetery and other additions and sections are beneath the ground.

Kizildere Baths:

One of the miyah-ı mine in Saraykoy district is the mine which is located in the cemetery of the Sazak Mountain and Kizildere Baths.

These waters, which continuously emerge from the menbike, represent the two pools.

Menbagi composition (sanifehimsud), (chlorine calcium) breeding and (hamzfehim) gas is present in the degree-i temperature up to 60 degrees Celsius and goers by bathing emraz resyoya (?) Is heal from …”

Kizildere Baths, as it is understood in the yearbook, there are two artificial pools built by the people and these people took bath in there. These pools were located in Armutkiri district of Kizildere Village. While defining the location of Kizildere Baths in theyearbook, the orientation was incorrectly described. It should have been expressed as the palace of Saraykoy and the west of Sazak.

Uyuz Bath:

Today, Uyuz Bath is the source of Umut Hot Spring within the borders of Tirkaz Village.

In Bath:

“In the west of the Scabies Bath,“ InBath is another well-known mine.

BUHARKENT MUNICIPALITY

Buharkent Municipality has two establishment dates. First establishment is in 1908.This date is true in several ways. Right after 1871 and 1877 Regulations, many municipalities were established in Aydin. Municipal organizations were established in largish villages and towns in these years. Following the 1899 Ortakci earthquake, it is conceivable that a municipality was established in Burhaniye for zoning activities. The personality and community positions of the mayors of this period support the existence of the municipal organization. However, there are doubts about the term of mayors. Second establishment is in 1954.

In the last period of the Ottoman Empire, II. With the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy (1908), the first municipal elections started in the provinces based on the Dersaadet Municipality Law of 1877. The first meeting of Burhaniye with the municipality and the municipal elections started at this time. We can call this the first municipal period of the history of Buharkent.

1st period:

Dalyanzade Mustafa Efendi, 1908–1914

Mullah Bekir Zade Mehmet Efendi; 1914-1915

Callizade Haci Ali Efendi, 1915-1916

Dalyanzade Mustafa Efendi; 1916-1918.

The first elected mayor is Dalyanzade Mustafa Efendi. Later, Mullah Bekir Zade Mehmet Efendi served as the mayor and after him Dalyanzade Mustafa Efendi elected as mayor for the second time. Callizade Haci Ali Efendi is the last mayor of the first period. However in this list the dates of presidency appears incorrect in some places without giving reference which is included in the yearbook of Kuyucak. One year before the War of Independence, Burhaniye was no longer a municipality and did not have any mayor. Its status was village and the headman of the village was Haci Halilzade Haci Mustafa Aga. The lack of detailed laws on how and at what intervals the elections would be held at that time could not determine the terms of office of the mayors.

Dalyanzade Mustafa Efendi was elected to highly likely in July 1908.

No detailed information about municipal services is available for this period. However, this period (1908–1918) was a few years after the construction of Burhaniye after the 1899 Ortakci earthquake, during which the town's public works were of primary importance. In this period, priority should be given to bringing water to the town.

In 1922, when the Greek occupation forces left the town and burned all of them, it meant that the ten-year municipal services would be wasted. As a result of the village law numbered 442 and the administrative divisions of 1928 enacted in 1924, Buharkent lost its status as a municipality for a long time.

In terms of urban planning in the Republican period, the reconstruction of the capital city of Ankara and the Anatolian cities which burned down as a result of the War of Independence was the priority issue that the new administration should address. With the enactment of the Village Law No. 442 in 1924, the village organs were given legal personality and the village organs were equipped with wide powers (3263).

The second period, which started in 1953, is the period in which we can actually talk about municipal services in real terms.

With the establishment of the municipal organization in 1953 in Burhaniye, DP candidate Huseyin Gokcetin was elected mayor in the first elections. His term of office continued until the 1960 revolution. Immediately after the May 27 revolution took place, Gokcetin was dismissed like any other DP mayor; Esref Albay, the head of Cubukdag Sub-district was appointed as the Mayor until 1963. Fevzi Aksoy, who was the president of DP Burhaniye District Organization in the 1950s, won the election as AP candidate. When Fevzi Aksoy resigned from the mayor in 1967, Ali Galip Memory was elected as proxy. 2 June 1968 elections, Ali Galip Bellek won the first election as AP candidate again. Bellek was elected as mayor in the 1973 and 1977 elections as well. In the 1980s, Ali Galip Bellek was dismissed and Niyazi Kuruoglu who was Burhaniye Middle School Principal was appointed as mayor.

Huseyin Gokcetin: 1.3.1954–27.5.1960

Esref Albay: 27.5.1960–1.2.1963

Fevzi Aksoy: 1.2.1963–30.7.1967

Ali Galip Bellek: 25.9.1967–15.9.1980

Niyazi Kuruoglu: 12.9.1980–24.3.1984

Sadettin Uyanik: 24.3.1984–22.10.1986

Omer Esin: 1986–1989

Yusuf Basali: 1989–1994

Nazmi Koprulu: 1994–2004

Fevzi Uzun: 2004–2009

Kadri Olcenoglu: 2009–2010

Yusuf Vural: 2010-2014

Mehmet Erol: 2014- Ongoing

(NAIM OZDAMAR)

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